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K. Shanmuga Sundaram , V. Vallimuragan

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to  examine muscular strength endurance and skill performance variables  during and after yoga practice with low volume circuit  resistance training and high volume resistance training. Eighty  healthy men performed the following three types of training modalities, the first group underwent yoga practice alternative days, experimental group two underwent  yoga practice with low volume circuit resistance training  on separate days: (1) low-volume circuit resistance exercise with slow movement: 35 % of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) and 4 s each of lifting and lowering phases;  Experimental group three underwent  yoga practice with  high-volume  resistance training with normal movement: 75 % of 1-RM and 1 s each of lifting and lowering phases; and  group four act as a control group.  These three experimental groups  trials were performed for three sets in a circuit pattern with four exercises, and the participants performed each set until exhaustion. To find the muscular strength endurance sit ups test was used and skill performance offensive and defensive skills 10 point rating scale was used. Average muscular strength endurance and skill performance  throughout the exercise session was significantly higher with yoga -high- and low-intensity resistance exercise with normal movement than with low-volume resistance exercise with slow movement (P < 0.05); however, total muscular strength endurance and skill performance were  significantly greater in low-volume resistance exercise with slow movement than in the other trials. In contrast, there were  significant differences in the total excess post-exercise explosive power  among the three exercise trials. The results of this study suggest that yoga with high-volume resistance exercise with normal movement induces much greater energy expenditure than low volume circuit  resistance training  with slow  movement of high or low volume  and yoga practice.

 

Keywords

YP- Yoga Practice, YPLVCRT-Yoga Practice with Low volume Circuit Resistance Training, YPHVRT-Yoga Practice with High Volume Resistance Training, CG – Control Group, Muscular Strength Endurance, Offensive and Defensive Skill

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K. Shanmuga Sundaram ¹, G. Thanigaiyarasu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEG, Anna University, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEG, Anna University, Chennai-600025, IN

Abstract

Recently, it is well appreciated that the use of FEM analysis to predict any type of phenomenon and behavior without many experimental work are used extensively In all fields. This paper summarizes the literatures on piping elbows focused on the correlation o f finite element analyses with in-plane bending experiments on piping elbows. It also includes the summary of ratcheting experiments on piping elbows. The most powerful FEA non-destructive method of testing in recent scenario has helped to solve many a nonlinear behavior of structures. Ratcheting phenomenon as a material behavior itself is not fully understood. This failure mode as a structural phenomenon in the most elastic piping component-elbows, is not easy to exactly predict. The presence of ratcheting in small size, small radius elbows (2 inch schedule 40) has been experimentally proved but their occurrence is in hoop direction, which is unpredicted. A FEA analysis performed using ABAQUS v6.5 finite element code using Chaboche non-linear kinematic hardening material model on comparison to experimental results summarized in literatures show similar acceptable results. The results are encouraging and may be extrapolated to other conditions to predict the phenomenon. The reasons are discussed in this literature.

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